Testing for significance and showing significant results with R

library(tidyverse)
library(readxl)
library(glue)
library(ggtext)

set.seed(19760620)

metadata <- read_excel(path="raw_data/schubert.metadata.xlsx", na="NA") %>%
  mutate(disease_stat = factor(disease_stat,
                               levels=c("NonDiarrhealControl",
                                        "DiarrhealControl",
                                        "Case")
                               )
  )

alpha_diversity <- read_tsv("raw_data/schubert.groups.ave-std.summary") %>%
  filter(method == "ave") %>%
  select(-label, -method)

metadata_alpha <- inner_join(metadata, alpha_diversity,
                             by=c('sample_id'='group')
                             )

healthy_color <- "#BEBEBE"
diarrhea_color <- "#0000FF"
case_color <- "#FF0000"

disease_count <- metadata_alpha %>%
  count(disease_stat)

healthy_n <- disease_count %>%
  filter(disease_stat == "NonDiarrhealControl") %>%
  pull(n)

diarrhea_n <- disease_count %>%
  filter(disease_stat == "DiarrhealControl") %>%
  pull(n)

case_n <- disease_count %>%
  filter(disease_stat == "Case") %>%
  pull(n)


strip_chart <- metadata_alpha %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=disease_stat, y=invsimpson, fill=disease_stat)) +
  stat_summary(fun = median, show.legend=FALSE, geom="crossbar") +
  geom_jitter(show.legend=FALSE, width=0.25, shape=21, color="black") +
  labs(x=NULL,
       y="Inverse Simpson Index") +
  scale_x_discrete(breaks=c("NonDiarrhealControl","DiarrhealControl","Case"),
                   labels=c(glue("Healthy<br>(N={healthy_n})"),
                            glue("Diarrhea and<br>*C.difficile* negative<br>\\
                                 (N={diarrhea_n})"),
                            glue("Diarrhea and<br>*C.difficile* positive<br>\\
                                 (N={case_n})"))
                   ) +
  scale_fill_manual(name=NULL,
                     breaks=c("NonDiarrhealControl","DiarrhealControl","Case"),
                     labels=c("Healthy",
                              "Diarrhea and<br>*C.difficile* negative",
                              "Diarrhea and<br>*C.difficile* positive"),
                     values=c(healthy_color, diarrhea_color, case_color)) +
  theme_classic() +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_markdown())


ggsave("schubert_diversity.tiff", width=4.5, height=3.5)